Sunday, June 5, 2011

Discontiguous Non-Zero OSPF Areas


The figure above shows a sample network setup with Area 1 separated by the Backbone Area 0. It is legal to have multiple discontiguous non-zero areas with the same Area ID, and it is not necessary to implement a virtual link or GRE tunnel to setup them in a contiguous manner.

Below shows the routing table and OSPF LSDB on RT2:
RT2#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       20.20.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    40.40.40.0 [110/128] via 20.20.20.2, 00:00:36, Serial0/1
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    30.30.30.0 [110/128] via 10.10.10.1, 00:00:36, Serial0/0
RT2#
RT2#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
3.3.3.3           0   FULL/  -        00:00:37    20.20.20.2      Serial0/1
1.1.1.1           0   FULL/  -        00:00:37    10.10.10.1      Serial0/0
RT2#
RT2#sh ip ospf database

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         47          0x80000002 0x001144 2
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         50          0x80000001 0x00F637 4
3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         46          0x80000002 0x004ABD 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
30.30.30.0      1.1.1.1         48          0x80000001 0x00B1EC
40.40.40.0      3.3.3.3         48          0x80000001 0x000C6C
RT2#

Below shows the routing table and OSPF LSDB on RT1:
RT1#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       20.20.20.0 [110/128] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:35, Serial0/1
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    40.40.40.0 [110/192] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:35, Serial0/1
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       30.30.30.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
RT1#
RT1#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           0   FULL/  -        00:00:30    10.10.10.2      Serial0/1
4.4.4.4           0   FULL/  -        00:00:38    30.30.30.2      Serial0/0
RT1#
RT1#sh ip ospf database

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         44          0x80000002 0x001144 2
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         49          0x80000001 0x00F637 4
3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         45          0x80000002 0x004ABD 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
30.30.30.0      1.1.1.1         45          0x80000001 0x00B1EC
40.40.40.0      3.3.3.3         47          0x80000001 0x000C6C

                Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         49          0x80000001 0x00DEF6 2
4.4.4.4         4.4.4.4         46          0x80000002 0x009C2C 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.10.10.0      1.1.1.1         45          0x80000001 0x008456
20.20.20.0      1.1.1.1         35          0x80000001 0x009DDE
40.40.40.0      1.1.1.1         35          0x80000001 0x004DB2
RT1#

When an ABR builds LSAs for area 0, it takes the routing information from each of its other areas and includes them into Type-3 Summary LSAs, which do not contain any area information. Therefore, other backbone routers simply don’t know what areas these destinations are belong to. The routers only know that in order to reach these destinations, the next hop is a given ABR.

Below shows the routing table and OSPF LSDB on RT3:
RT3#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       20.20.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       40.40.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       10.10.10.0 [110/128] via 20.20.20.1, 00:00:38, Serial0/0
     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    30.30.30.0 [110/192] via 20.20.20.1, 00:00:38, Serial0/0
RT3#
RT3#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           0   FULL/  -        00:00:36    20.20.20.1      Serial0/0
5.5.5.5           0   FULL/  -        00:00:33    40.40.40.2      Serial0/1
RT3#
RT3#sh ip ospf database

            OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         49          0x80000002 0x001144 2
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         53          0x80000001 0x00F637 4
3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         47          0x80000002 0x004ABD 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
30.30.30.0      1.1.1.1         51          0x80000001 0x00B1EC
40.40.40.0      3.3.3.3         48          0x80000001 0x000C6C

                Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         53          0x80000001 0x002C59 2
5.5.5.5         5.5.5.5         51          0x80000002 0x005824 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.10.10.0      3.3.3.3         39          0x80000001 0x00CAC7
20.20.20.0      3.3.3.3         49          0x80000001 0x00DED5
30.30.30.0      3.3.3.3         39          0x80000001 0x007A9B
RT3#

Below shows the routing table and OSPF LSDB on RT4 and RT5:
RT4#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    20.20.20.0 [110/192] via 30.30.30.1, 00:00:40, Serial0/0
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    40.40.40.0 [110/256] via 30.30.30.1, 00:00:40, Serial0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    10.10.10.0 [110/128] via 30.30.30.1, 00:00:42, Serial0/0
     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       30.30.30.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
RT4#
RT4#sh ip ospf database

            OSPF Router with ID (4.4.4.4) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         56          0x80000001 0x00DEF6 2
4.4.4.4         4.4.4.4         51          0x80000002 0x009C2C 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.10.10.0      1.1.1.1         52          0x80000001 0x008456
20.20.20.0      1.1.1.1         41          0x80000001 0x009DDE
40.40.40.0      1.1.1.1         41          0x80000001 0x004DB2
RT4#
======================================================================
RT5#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    20.20.20.0 [110/128] via 40.40.40.1, 00:00:44, Serial0/0
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       40.40.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    10.10.10.0 [110/192] via 40.40.40.1, 00:00:42, Serial0/0
     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    30.30.30.0 [110/256] via 40.40.40.1, 00:00:42, Serial0/0
RT5#
RT5#sh ip ospf database

            OSPF Router with ID (5.5.5.5) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         58          0x80000001 0x002C59 2
5.5.5.5         5.5.5.5         54          0x80000002 0x005824 2

                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.10.10.0      3.3.3.3         43          0x80000001 0x00CAC7
20.20.20.0      3.3.3.3         53          0x80000001 0x00DED5
30.30.30.0      3.3.3.3         43          0x80000001 0x007A9B
RT5#

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